一、高考完形填空命题趋势
选材特点: 以记叙文为主, 多以记叙文和夹叙夹意为主
命题特点: (1) 设空特点: 名词\ 动词(5-8个)为主
(2) 考点层次分三部:
里边层次：(语篇层次30%以上)体现了突出语篇的命题思路
句子层次：(占70%左右)
单词层次：(只须读懂单词所在句子就能做,分数较少)
(3)考查重点: 短文第一句不设问
| 高考完形填空题型特点1. 以叙为主, 叙议结合;
2. 篇章短小, 意义完整; 3. 首句完整, 主题明确; 4. 结构清晰, 层次分明; 5. 考查语境, 侧重辨析; 6. 实词为主, 虚词为辅; 7. 逻辑推理, 隐于语篇; 8. 常识语法, 每年出现。 |
完型填空 之能力训练目标：1.词语辨析能力
2.语法结构分析能力 3.语篇理解能力 4.逻辑推理能力 5.文化背景透析能力 6.作者意图剖析能力 7.生活常识综合运用能力 |
二、完形填空解题技巧
（一）、利用首句来解题，根据全文来选择
I did very badly at school. My headmaster thought I was 36 and when I was 14 he said, “You’re never going to be 37(anything) but a failure. ”
A.bright B. useless （ok） C. simple D. hopeful
（二）、根据上下文语境，合理推断来解题
Our father was a struggling lawyer, but I always knew he was 37 . He never criticized us, but used 38 to bring out our best.
- A. strict B. honest C. special D. learned
- A. help B. peace C. smile D. praise
Practice：
His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt and trousers. Although his family often 43 about that, Ed refused to buy a 44 T-shirt or to lose weight.
- A. cared B. forgot C. quarreled D. joked
- A. clean B. straight C. larger D. darker
（三）、利用语篇标志解题
常见的标志性的词语有以下几种：结构层次:firstly, secondly, thirdly；逻辑关系：thus, therefore, so；递进关系：besides, what’s more, further;转折关系：but, while, however, on the other hand等。
She told the front-desk clerk she had had a(n) 41 vacation, but was heart-broken about losing several rolls of Kodak color film she had not yet developed.
A.disappointing B. wonderful C. uncomfortable D. important
1、找逻辑关系题（转折、让步、解释、对立、因果、并列、总分、递进）
2、找NOT题（在原文中找not）
句式结构：前面肯定后面否定、前面否定后面肯定，则选对立关系的词。
考点：（以下条件缺一不可）
①考查的是一个肯定句和否定句之间的逻辑关系，空前后必须是独立的句子；
②出题位置在两个句子之间或第二个句子的开头，不能处在一个句子的末尾或中间；
③选项中必须要有对立关系的词。
3、找AND题（在原文中找and）
考点：
①and前后选同义词，词性一致；
②and前后选同一范围词；
③and前后句子对应成分相同；
④在文章中，并列关系词前后如果出题，利用已知关系解题。
4、找同现复现原则
Liumei is among the __22__ ones. The Chinese University of Hong Kong granted (答应给）Liu a full scholarship --- HK$500,000. Not all students are so fortunate.
- A. poor B. smart C. lucky D. silent
Friendship is one of the permanent themes in the literature of all language. … Some of us like __2__ friends while others like different friends. Personally I prefer both.
Having similar friends has many advantages. …
- A. true B. right C. same D. similar
(四)、根据逻辑推理解题
…and the officers then began to eat their meal , saying that the mushrooms had a very strange___quite pleasant taste.
A. besides B. but C. and D. or
(五)、根据常识和文化背景的角度来选择
The amount of usable water has always been of great interest in the world. 36(Owning) springs and streams sometimes means control , particularly in the 37 areas like the desert.
A．dry B．distant C．deserted D．wild
(六)、从语法角度来解题
I went into a café and asked for a coffee . 21 I was waiting for my drink, I realized that there were other people in the place , but I sensed 22 (loneliness).
A．Before B．Since C．Although D．While
Have you ever shouted at a teacher, told someone you were lonely, or said you were in love, and then 23 later you had kept your mouth shut?
- A. wished B. hoped C. blamed D. shared
解题思路：利用语法分析解题，选项中的动词都是过去式，其后句宾语从句had kept是过去完成时，故判断是虚拟。
(七)、从惯用法和固定搭配方面来解题
1) He was only fourteen and was not good at swimming__1_.So he shouldn’t have gone into that place.
1.A.after all B. in all C.at all D. for all
(八)、从词语辨析的角度来解题
When, two weeks later, I 38 this same boy, I was more aware of my position in Nigerian society. I should 9(enjoy) this country as the son of a minister.
- ran after B. ran into C. ran over D. ran to
(九)、同义近义复现来解题
I believe that a mixture of friends is equally advantageous. One can ___7___ from various sorts of friends in three aspects. First, frequent contacts with different friends broaden my world outlooks. Just as various kinds of nutriments keep you healthy, making a __8__ of friends keep you lively. … Secondly, I have found that different friends can not only lead to new adventures but also show me new avenues to success in life. …
- A. obtain B. benefit C. suffer D. earn
- A. range B. series C. quantity D. variety
真题实战演练
（2011·全国新课标卷）完形填空（ 共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分 ）
In our discussion with people on how education can help them succeed in life, a woman remembered the first meeting of an introductory__36__（同义复现）course about 20 years ago.（记叙文，回忆、人物、时间、事件education）
The professor __37__the lecture hall, placed upon his desk a large jar filled with dried beans（豆）, and invited the students to _38_（同义复现）how many beans the jar contained. After __39__shouts of wildly wrong guesses the professor smiled a thin, dry smile, announced the __40__ answer,（与前面wrong 相对应）and went on saying, ”You have just __41__an important lesson about science. That is: Never__42__ your own senses.”
Twenty years later, the __43__（上文提到的人物）could guess what the professor had in mind. He __44__himself, perhaps,as inviting his students to start an exciting __45__(概括的是答案)into an unknown world invisible（无形的）to the 46 ,which can be discovered only through scientific 47 .But the seventeen-year-old girl could not accept or顺接关系）even 48 the invitation. She was just 49 to understand the world. And she 50 that her firsthand experience could be the 51 .The professor, however, 与小女孩的观点相反的said that it was 52（与51相对）.he was taking away her only 53 for knowing and was providing her with no substitute. “I remember feeling small and 54 ,”（找and）the women says, “and I did the only thing I could do. I 55 the course that afternoon, and I haven’t gone near science since.”（找否定词）
36．A. art B. history C. science D. math
37．A. searched fo B. looked at C. got through D. marched into
38．A. count B. guess C. report D. watch
39．A. warning B. giving C. turning away D. listening to
40．A. ready B. possible C. correct D. difficult
41．A. learned B. prepared C. taught D. taken
42．A. lose B. trust C. sharpen D. show
43．A. lecturer B. scientist C. speaker D. woman
44．A. described B. respected C. saw D. served
45．A. voyage B. movement C. change D. rush
46.A. professor B. eye C. knowledge D. light
47.A. model B. senses C. spirit D. methods
48.A. hear B. make C. present D. refuse
49.A. suggesting B. beginning C. pretending D. waiting
50.A. believed B. doubted C. proved D. explained
51.A. growth B. strength C. faith D. truth
52.A. firm B. interesting C. wrong D. acceptable
53.A. task B. tool C. success D. connection
54.A. cruel B. proud C. frightened D. brave
55.A. dropped B. started C. passed D. missed
【要点综述】本文是记叙文。二十年前，在第一节理科实验课上，一位教授做了一个实验，这个实验告诉学生们，不要相信自己的判断。正是这个实验让一位妇女以后远离了理科。
- C 联系下文an important lesson about science我们知道，这是一节理科实验课。
- D 从空后的placed upon his desk a large jar filled with…我们可以知道，老师走进了教室。
- B 联系空后的how many beans the jar contained我们可以知道，教授让学生们猜一下，这个坛子能装多少豆子。
- D 联系空后的shouts of wildly wrong guesses我们知道，学生们喊出了各种错误的推测，教授听了他们喊出的答案。
- C 联系空前的announced和空后的answer我们知道，教授向学生们公布了正确答案。
- A 联系空后的an important lesson about science我们知道，教授认为他们学到了一堂非常重要的理科课程。
- B 学生们的推测都是错误的，因此教授说，“不要相信你们的意识。”
- D 联系下文But the seventeen-year-old girl could not accept…我们知道，这个妇女能够推测教授心里是怎么想的。
- C 前文有提示：The professor 37(marched into) the lecture hall，由此我们可以得出答案。
- A 联系空后的into the unknown world我们知道，教授的目的是带学生们进行一次激动人心的知识旅行。
- B 联系后文which can be discovered only through scientific 47 (method)我们知道，这个世界是眼睛看不到的，只有通过科学方法才可以看到。
- D 联系前文的invisible to the eye我们知道，这个世界只有通过科学的方法才可以看到。
- A 联系空前的could not accept我们知道，她不能接受，甚至听到这个邀请。or在这里表达前后为顺接关系，因此其他选项可以排除。
- B 联系前文的the seventeen-year-old girl我们可以推断，这个小女孩年龄很小，只是刚刚开始认识这个世界。
- A 空后的her firsthand experience could be the 51 (truth)是她的认识，因此我们选believed。
- D 联系前文我们知道，教授想告诉学生的是第一手经验并不一定是事情的真相，我们要通过科学实验来验证真相，但是小女孩的想法与之相反。
- C 联系前文我们可以知道，教授认为小女孩认识世界的方式是错误的。
- B 显然空前提到的her first-hand experience就是她认识世界的工具。
- C 联系下文的haven’t gone near science since我们知道，她对理科产生了恐惧。
- A 联系空后的haven’t gone near science since我们知道，那天下午她就放弃了理科。D有一定干扰性，miss意思是“错过”，因此可以排除。
英语时代，与你同在！加油！
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